Gambhari (Shriparni, Bhadraparni, Madhuparnika)

About

Gambhari (Gmelina arborea) is a deciduous tree traditionally used in Ayurveda. Research explores its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and gastroprotective properties.

Properties

Anti-inflammatory activity, Anti-nociceptive and analgesic effects, Anti-ulcer and gastroprotective effects, Anti-angiogenic potential

Dosage

The appropriate dosage of Gambhari can vary based on the individual's age, physical strength, digestive capacity, and the specific health condition being addressed. Consulting an Ayurvedic doctor before use is strongly advised. Churna (Powder): 2-3 grams with water, twice daily, or as directed by a doctor. 3-6g twice daily with warm water or honey. Kashayam (Decoction): 50-100 ml, or as recommended by a doctor. Root bark decoction 50-100 ml. Fruit powder: 1-3 g. 2-4 g. Standardized Extract: 250-500 mg capsule, twice daily. 2–4 tablets (250mg each) twice daily. Root bark decoction: 50-100 ml. Fruit powder: 1-3 g. Bark Decoction (Kwath): 6–10 g dried bark boiled in 400 mL water, reduced to ~100 mL, 2–3 times daily. Paste (lepa): Bark paste mixed with sesame oil and turmeric for topical application on affected joints.

Classical attributes

• Rasa: Madhura, Tikta
• Virya: ["Shita"]
• Vipaka: ["Madhura"]

Benefits

• Dahahara (reduces burning sensation)
• Pushtida (nourishing)
• Balya (strengthening)
• Rasayana (rejuvenating)

Traditional uses

• Jwara (fever)
• Trishna (thirst)
• Daha (burning sensation)
• Raktapitta (bleeding disorders)
• Vrana (ulcers)

Dosha effects

• vata: balancing
• kapha: balancing
• pitta: balancing

Preparation methods

• Decoction (Kwath): Boil 6-10 g of dried bark in 400 ml of water until it reduces to about 100 ml. Strain and sip warm, 2-3 times daily. Traditionally, 20-30g bark is simmered in 400ml water, reduced to 100ml, and taken 40–60ml twice daily. For a general decoction, 1 tablespoon of powder is added to 2 cups of water, boiled and reduced to 1 cup, then filtered.
• Powder (Churna): Mix 3-5 g with warm water or honey and take before meals. 3–6g twice daily with warm water or honey.
• Cold Infusion: Ripe fruits are collected and dried. 1-2 fruits are soaked in cold water for 2-3 hours, macerated, and mixed with a little sugar to drink.
• Leaf Paste: A fine paste of mature leaves can be applied to the scalp and forehead for headaches. Pepper can be added for a counter-irritant effect.

Contraindications

• Pregnancy: Due to its potential to stimulate the uterus, Gambhari should be used with caution or avoided during pregnancy. High doses might overstimulate uterine Agni, so it is best to stick to a low dose (2g churna with honey) only under supervision.
• Bleeding Disorders: Gambhari may influence blood clotting and should be avoided by individuals on anticoagulants.
• Allergies: Although rare, allergic reactions, such as contact dermatitis from topical application, are possible. A patch test is recommended before extensive use. Cross-reactivity with other plants in the Lamiaceae family is also possible.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: In individuals with a Pitta constitution, Gambhari's warming nature may cause gastric irritation.
• Medication Interactions: Use with caution if taking anti-coagulants or strong immunosuppressants. It is advisable to seek your doctor's advice if you are taking this product along with other western (allopathic / modern) medicines.

Side effects

• Excessive use may lead to digestive upset. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort or nausea.
• Although rare, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Gambhari, resulting in skin irritations or more severe symptoms like breathing difficulties.
• Excess intake of Gambhari may increase Kapha doshas.

Interactions

• Gambhari may interact with certain medications, such as anticoagulants and anti-inflammatory drugs. It's important to seek professional medical advice if you are taking other medications.
• Generally, Gambhari goes well with most dietary supplements, but consult a doctor if taking more than one product per day.
• Consult an Ayurvedic practitioner if taking medication for chronic conditions to avoid potential herb-drug interactions.

Active compounds

• Lignans (Gmelanone, isoarboreal, paulownin, gmelinol)
• Flavonoids (Apigenin-7-rutinoside, luteolin-7-glucuronide)
• Glycosides
• Tannins
• Saponins
• Phenolic acids
• Alkaloids

Clinical evidence

While comprehensive clinical trials on humans are limited, animal studies suggest anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and gastroprotective effects. Further research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and establish safe and effective dosages for human use.

Ayurvedic karmas

• Dahahara (reduces burning sensation)
• Pushtida (nourishing)
• Balya (strengthening)
• Rasayana (rejuvenating)

Classical clinical indications

• Jwara (fever)
• Trishna (thirst)
• Daha (burning sensation)
• Raktapitta (bleeding disorders)
• Vrana (ulcers)

Frequently asked questions