Saha (Saha (Vajradanti, Porcupine flower))

Properties

COX-2 inhibition, Antimicrobial activity

Dosage

Powder (Churna): 1–2 g, twice daily, mixed with warm water or honey, best for digestive and Pitta-related issues. Decoction (Kwath): 10–15 g of dried root/leaf boiled in 200 ml of water, reduced to 50 ml. Sip half before meals to reduce inflammation systemically. Topical Paste: Fresh leaf powder (10 g) mixed with honey and a few drops of sesame oil. Apply to boils, wounds, or acne lesions daily for 7–10 days. Extracts (Tincture): 1:5 hydroalcoholic extract, 5–10 ml in water, often used as an adjunct in liver-support blends. For antidiabetic activity, a study used 200 mg/kg body weight of alcoholic extract of leaves and roots in rats for 2 weeks. Flower extract for analgesic activity was used at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight in mice.

Classical attributes

• Rasa: Katu (pungent), Tikta (bitter)
• Virya: ["Ushna (heating)"]
• Vipaka: ["Katu (pungent)"]

Benefits

• Deepana (appetizer)
• Pachana (digestive)
• Shothahara (anti-inflammatory)
• Krimihara (anthelmintic)

Traditional uses

• Kushta (skin diseases)
• Jwara (fever)
• Kasa (cough)
• Shopha (inflammation)
• Arsha (hemorrhoids)

Dosha effects

• vata: balancing
• kapha: balancing
• pitta: balancing

Preparation methods

• Decoction (Kwath): Boil 10–15 g of dried leaf or root in 200 ml water, simmer until reduced to 50 ml; strain and sip warm, preferably before meals. The Saireyak Kwath or decoction is traditionally used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma and bronchitis.
• Powder (Churna): Made from the dried parts of the plant.
• Topical application: Paste of the leaf can be applied externally.
• Extract: Alcoholic extract can be prepared by defatting the dried plant material with petroleum ether, followed by extraction with alcohol. For example, powdered *Barleria prionitis* aerial parts can be extracted with aqueous methanol or ethanol.
• Soxhlet Extraction: A continuous hot extraction method using a Soxhlet apparatus can be employed for efficient extraction.

Contraindications

• Should be used with caution, especially by pregnant or lactating women.
• High doses may cause severe digestive issues, congestion, frequent burping, and heartburn.
• Allergic reactions are possible.

Side effects

• Severe digestive issues
• Feeling congested
• Frequent burping
• Heartburn
• Allergic reactions like skin rashes, itching, or swelling
• Aggravation of Pitta dosha, leading to acid reflux, ulcers, or stomach irritation, if used excessively

Interactions

• May interact with other medications, especially those that affect the liver or immune system.
• May increase bleeding risk due to flavonoid interactions, if a patient has bleeding disorders or is undergoing anticoagulant therapy.
• Consult a specialist, as immune modulation could be unpredictable for autoimmune conditions.
• It should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation unless prescribed by a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner.

Clinical evidence

Clinical evidence suggests potential dermatological, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anti-arthritic benefits. A double-blind trial showed a significant reduction in eczema symptoms, and animal studies support anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. More extensive human trials are needed.

Ayurvedic karmas

• Deepana (appetizer)
• Pachana (digestive)
• Shothahara (anti-inflammatory)
• Krimihara (anthelmintic)

Classical clinical indications

• Kushta (skin diseases)
• Jwara (fever)
• Kasa (cough)
• Shopha (inflammation)
• Arsha (hemorrhoids)